ORTHODOX SCHOOLS OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY - SAMKHYA AND YOGA

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  1. Orthodox Schools of Indian philosophy: Samkhya

Samkhya is the oldest school of philosphy.

 It was put forward by Kapila who wrote Samkhya Sutras.

 Samkhya or Sankhya literally means count. 

This school stressed on the acquisition of knowledge and a scientific system of inquiry.

 It holds that it is the self-knowledge that leads to liberation and not any exterior influence or agent. 

It also believes in dualism and postulates that everything stems from purusha (self or soul or mind) and prakriti (matter, creative agency, energy).

 It also forms the philosophical basis for Yoga school.

  1. Orthodox Schools of Indian philosophy: Yoga

The Yoga school was expounded by Patanjali in his 2nd Century B.C. Yoga Sutras.

 It accepts the Samkhya psychology and presents yogic techniques as a method of physical and mental discipline.

 It presents a path that combines meditation and yoga for the realization of the self whereas the Samkhya school emphasizes the attainment of knowledge of self solely by means of concentration and meditation

. The physical postures of Yoga are referred to as asanas and the breathing techniques are known as pranayama

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